It is a speech of particular relevance for politicians and scholars of legal and political philosophy. (Read the full speache following this link)
The part of the speech with legal and political significance begins at minute 31
The Pope reflects on contemporary global challenges through the lens of Saint Augustine’s The City of God, emphasizing its enduring relevance for political, social, and moral life. Drawing from Augustine’s distinction between the City of God, grounded in love of God and neighbor, and the earthly city, marked by pride and self-interest, the Pope argues that both cities coexist, and that individuals bear responsibility for history through their moral choices.

The Pope warns that modern society increasingly prioritizes power, nationalism, and force over justice and peace, leading to weakened multilateralism and renewed acceptance of war. The erosion of international law, especially international humanitarian law, and the targeting of civilians are strongly condemned. The United Nations is reaffirmed as essential, though in need of reform to better reflect today’s realities and promote unity rather than ideology.

A major concern is the distortion of language, which undermines genuine dialogue and freedom of expression. This semantic confusion contributes to restrictions on freedom of conscience, religious freedom, and human dignity, often justified in the name of new or self-referential rights. The Pope highlights the persecution of Christians worldwide, rising religious intolerance, and the persistence of antisemitism, while affirming the importance of interreligious dialogue.

The defense of human life as the foundation of all human rights is central. Practices such as abortion, surrogacy, euthanasia, and the death penalty are rejected as violations of human dignity. Special attention is given to migrants, prisoners, families, the unborn, the elderly, and young people affected by addiction.

Finally, the Pope insists that true peace cannot be achieved through force, but through humility, dialogue, justice, and respect for transcendent values. Despite ongoing conflicts worldwide, peace remains a realistic and necessary goal, sustained by hope, forgiveness, and shared responsibility.